The American New York Times discussed in a report, Saturday, the external challenges facing Joe Biden, whose victory in the US media announced his victory in the US presidential elections.
Among the most prominent of these challenges, according to the newspaper, is the Middle East, and the reform of relations with China and Europe.
- China
China is an economic superpower and a geopolitical competitor to America.
During the era of President Donald Trump, relations between Washington and Beijing witnessed major differences over trade, the South China Sea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and intellectual property rights, and the Corona epidemic, which started from China, exacerbated these differences.
The New York Times says that Biden attacked China during his election campaign and described its president as a "thug." But some considered this a political tactic in light of Trump's accusations that Biden was lenient with Beijing, especially when he was vice president during the Obama era.
- The Middle East: Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iran
The Middle East is a thorny file in the foreign policy of the United States, and Biden may find greater challenges in light of the changes that the region has witnessed during the Trump era, especially with regard to Iran and the peace process.
Biden described Trump's policy toward Iran as a failure, and promised to fix it by returning to the nuclear deal that major powers under Obama signed with Tehran in 2015.
Biden promised to immediately cancel the travel ban that Trump imposed on Iran and other mostly Muslim countries.
However, the New York Times quotes experts as saying that Biden will face tough challenges in any negotiations with Iran.
The newspaper believes that an American rapprochement with Iran may alienate Israel as well as Saudi Arabia, which see Iran as a destabilizing "enemy" in the region.
On Friday, a Foreign Policy report painted a bleak picture of the future of the relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia, completely different from what it was under Trump.
The report did not rule out that Riyadh would respond to Biden's potential policy, by strengthening relations with China.
The report expected Biden, an anti-settlement advocate, to follow a different path in the peace process that would lead to contact with the Palestinian leadership, which accuses Trump of favoring Israel.
This, according to the report, may not be comfortable for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, despite Biden's previous statements in which he said that he would not reflect Trump's decision to move the US embassy to Jerusalem.
It is noteworthy that the leader of the Israeli opposition pre-empted Netanyahu in congratulating Biden on his victory.
Europe
The New York Times notes that, with the exception of Britain, US-European relations, under Trump, witnessed severe tensions stemming from several reasons, including Trump's opposition to the Paris climate agreement, his call for changes to NATO and trade agreements, not to mention his strong encouragement for Britain's exit from the Union. European (Brexit).
As for Biden, the newspaper's report goes on, he expressed different positions, so he may find himself in an embarrassing position, especially with British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who embraced Trump. The report believes that Biden is not in a hurry to complete the Brexit deal.
North Korea
Biden described Trump's rapprochement with North Korea as appeasement of a dictator and a failed policy that did not lead to Pyongyang's nuclear disarmament, while North Korea vehemently attacked Biden.
Biden said he would push for denuclearization and "standing with South Korea," but he did not specify how he would deal with North Korea's aggressive tendencies.
- Russia
The New York Times report expected Biden to pursue a tougher policy with Russia than that followed by Trump, who questioned the usefulness of NATO, played down the importance of intelligence warnings about Russia's interference in the US elections, and expressed his admiration for President Vladimir Putin.
Biden, who pushed, as Vice President under Obama, to impose sanctions on Russia over its annexation of Ukraine's Crimea peninsula in 2014, may seek, according to the report, to extend these sanctions and take other punitive steps.
- Paris Agreement and international obligations
Unlike Trump, Biden said that once elected president, he would return to the Paris climate agreement to curb global warming, as well as restore his country's membership in the World Health Organization, as well as reverse Trump's anti-immigration decisions.
However, the report notes the difficulties that Biden may face to achieve this in light of the great support that many of Trump's policies have received in the United States, and the report inferred the public division evident in the presidential elections.
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